What causes gingivitis?

Gingivitis is the inflammation and infection of the gum tissue surrounding the teeth. It is a very common condition and is often the result of poor dental hygiene or ill-fitting dental appliances. Other causes may include poor eating habits, poor tooth alignment, heavy plaque deposits, blood disorders, drug reactions and vitamin deficiencies.

Signs of gingivitis include:

---blood on toothbrush while brushing

---pus around teeth

---bad breath

---gum redness

---visible tartar deposits

---bad taste in mouth

---gums bleed easily

---gum ulcers

Gingivitis can cause damage in other areas of the body if allowed to remain untreated. The bacteria from the gums can enter the bloodstream and cause infections elsewhere. Gum disease has been linked to heart disease, stroke and pneumonia. It may also cause the delivery of premature infants to gingivitis-infected mothers. Those with diabetes may have problems controlling blood sugar levels if they also suffer from gingivitis.

In treating simple gingivitis, a dentist will first remove the plaque and tartar from the teeth. Newer and more advanced dental instruments make it possible to clean much deeper below the gum line and remove more plaque and tartar deposits. The dentist will also take steps to eliminate any areas where bacteria may breed, such as broken bridgework or fillings, etc. Bacteria will move into crevices in areas such as these and breed, spreading further infection. The dentist will give instructions concerning proper dental care. Various gels, mouth rinses and toothpastes to prevent plaque build-up may be discussed. In many cases, this is enough to solve the problem with simple gingivitis.

However, advanced gingivitis is a more serious matter. Advanced gingivitis occurs when gingivitis spreads to the bony tissues which support the teeth. The gingivitis has then progressed into periodontitis, a serious condition. After reaching this stage, the teeth become loose and pus may come from the gums or tooth sockets. The infection may become so serious that teeth literally fall out or must be removed. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. Oral treatments such as antibiotic applications and medications are available for those who do not wish to have surgical procedures.

There are several alternative treatments that can help to prevent gingivitis. It is believed that an adequate amount of calcium will help reduce the risk of gingivitis by strengthening the bones of the jaw, thus making them more resistent to infection. Cranberry juice is believed to reduce plaque accumulation by inhibiting bacteria in the mouth from sticking together. Adding foods containing calcium and drinking cranberry juice may have a positive effect on the gums of those prone to gingivitis. It is also recommended that foods containing sugar be limited since sugar stimulates the production of acid which may help to erode teeth and gums.

Gingivitis may be prevented or cured by adhering to some simple preventative measures:

---Brush teeth daily, both morning and night and after meals when possible.

---Use a soft toothbrush, which is less likely to damage teeth or gums. Replace toothbrushes often.

---Use a fluoride toothpaste.

---Keep all removable dental appliances as clean as you would keep your teeth.

---Floss at least once daily. Unwaxed floss is favorable over waxed but either is effective.

---Visit the dentist at least once every six months for cleaning and examination if you have suffered from gingivitis.

---Avoid sugary foods, tobacco and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.